Mishmarot 4Q321 (Mishmarot B
The Calendrical Document Scroll.SululCalendarului Document
Mishmarot4Q321
(Mishmarot B[superscript]a) Parchment Copied ca. 50-25 B.C.E. Height 13.4 cm (5 1/4 in.), length 21.1 cm (8 1/4 in.) Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (10) |
A
significant feature of the community was its calendar, which was based on a
solar system of 364 days, unlike the common Jewish lunar calendar, which
consisted of 354 days. The calendar played a weighty role in the schism of the
community from the rest of Judaism, as the festivals and fast days of the group
were ordinary work days for the mainstream community and vice versa.
According
to the calendar, the new year always began on a Wednesday, the day on which God
created the heavenly bodies. The year consisted of fifty-two weeks, divided
into four seasons of thirteen weeks each, and the festivals consistently fell
on the same days of the week. It appears that these rosters were intended to
provide the members of the "New Covenant" with a time-table for abstaining
from important activities on the days before the dark phases of the moon's
waning and eclipse (duqah).
References:
Jaubert, A.
"Le Calendrier de Jubiles et de la Secte de Qumran: Ses origines
Bibliques," Vetus Testamentum 3 (1953):250-64.
Talmon, S. "The Calendar of the Judean
Covenanteers." In The World of Qumran from Within: Collected Studies,
pp. 147-85. Jerusalem, 1989.
Talmon, S. and I. Knohl. "A Calendrical
Scroll from Qumran Cave IV -- Miþ Ba (4Q321)" (in Hebrew), Tarbiz
60 (1991):505-21.
O caracteristică importantă a comunităţii a fost calendarul său, care a fost bazat pe un sistem solar de 364 de zile, spre deosebire de comun evreiesc lunar calendaristic, care a constat din 354 de zile.Calendarul a jucat un rol important în schisma[separarea] a comunităţii de la restul de iudaismului, ca festivaluri şi zile rapide ale grupului au fost zilele obişnuite de lucru pentru comunitatea majoritară şi vice-versa.
Conform calendarului, noul an a început întotdeauna
pe o zi de miercuri, ziua în care Dumnezeu a creat corpurile cereşti.Ani a
constat din cincizeci-două
săptămâni, împărţit în patru anotimpuri ale treisprezece săptămâni
fiecare, precum şi festivaluri în mod constant a căzut în aceleaşi
zile ale săptămânii. Se pare
că aceste liste au
fost destinate pentru a oferi
membrilor "Noul
Legământ", cu un timp de la masa
pentru a se abţine de la activităţile importante pe zi înainte de
fazele de declin întunecate
ale Lunii şi de Eclipse (duqah).
Referinte:
Jaubert, A. "Le
Calendrier de Jubiles
et de la Secte de la Qumran:
Bibliques Ses Origines,"
Vetus Testamentum 3 (1953) :250-64.
Talmon, S. "Calendarul
Covenanteers iudeu." În Lumea de la Qumran din cadrul: Studii
colectate, pp. 147-85.
Ierusalim, 1989.
Talmon, S. si
I. Knohl. "O
Sul Calendarul Maya de la Qumran, Pestera
IV - Mitul
Ba (4Q321)" (în
ebraică), Tarbiz 60 (1991) :505-21.
Mishmarot
4Q321 (Mishmarot B [exponent] a)
pergament
Copiate ca. 50-25 B.C.E.
Inaltime 13.4 cm (5 1/4 inch), lungime 21,1 cm (8 1/4 inch)
Amabilitatea de Antichităţi Israel, Autoritatea (10)
4Q321 (Mishmarot B [exponent] a)
pergament
Copiate ca. 50-25 B.C.E.
Inaltime 13.4 cm (5 1/4 inch), lungime 21,1 cm (8 1/4 inch)
Amabilitatea de Antichităţi Israel, Autoritatea (10)
Dead Sea Scrolls Translation of The Calendrical Document Scroll
- [on the first {day} in {the week of} Jedaiah {which falls} on the tw]elfth in it {the seventh month}. On the second {day} in {the week of} Abiah {which falls} on the twenty- f[ifth in the eighth {month}; and duqah {is} on the third] {day}
- [in {the week of} Miyamin {which falls} on the twelfth] in it {the eighth month}. On the third {day} in {the week of} Jaqim {which falls} on the twen[ty-fourth in the ninth {month}; and duqah {is} on the fourth] {day}
- [in {the week of} Shekania {which falls} on the eleven]th in it {the ninth month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Immer {which falls} on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth {month}; and duqah {is} on the sixth {day} in {the week of} Je]shbeab {which falls}
- [on the tenth in] it {the tenth month}. On the [si]xth {day} in {the week of} Jehezkel {which falls} on the twenty-second in the eleventh month [and duqah {is on the} Sabbath in] {the week of} Petahah {which falls}
- [on the ninth in it {the eleventh month}]. On the first {day} in {the week of} Joiarib {which falls} on the t[w]enty-second in the twelfth month; and [duqah {is} on the seco]nd {day} in {the week of} Delaiah {which falls}
- [on the ninth in it {the twelfth month}. vacat The] se[cond] {year}: The first {month}. On the sec[on]d {day} in {the week of} Malakiah {which falls} on the tw[entieth in it {the first month}; and] duqah {is}
- [on the third {day} in {the week of} Harim {which falls} on the seventh] in it {the first month}. On the fou[r]th {day} in {the week of} Jeshua {which falls} [on] the twentieth in the second {month}; and [duqah {is} on the fifth {day} in {the week of]} Haqqos {which falls} on the seventh
- [in it {the second month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Huppah {which falls} on the nine]teenth in the third {month}; and duqa[h] {is} on the six[th {day} in {the week of} Happisses {which falls}
Translation
and transcription by S. Talmon and I. Knohl
Niciun comentariu:
Trimiteți un comentariu